Rajasaurus, the Deadly Indian Dinosaur

Rajasaurus, the Deadly Indian Dinosaur Otherwise called theropods, meat-eating dinosaurs-including raptors, tyrannosaurs, carnosaurs, and such a large number of other - saurs to list here-had a wide conveyance during the later Mesozoic Era, from around 100 to 65 million years back. An in any case unremarkable predator, with the exception of its little head peak, Rajasaurus lived in what is presently current India, not a productive area for fossil revelations. It has assumed control more than 20 years to recreate this dinosaur from its dispersed stays, found in Gujarat in the mid 1980s. (Dinosaur fossils are moderately uncommon in India, which clarifies why the lofty word Raja, which means ruler, was offered on this flesh eater. Strangely, the most well-known Indian fossils are familial whales dating from the Eocene age, a large number of years after the dinosaurs went terminated!) For what reason did Rajasaurus have a head peak, an uncommon component in carnivores that said something the one-ton-and-over range? The most probable clarification is this was an explicitly chosen trademark, since beautifully peaked Rajasaurus guys (or females) were progressively alluring to the other gender during mating season-therefore assisting with spreading this attribute through succeeding ages. Its likewise important that Carnotaurus, a nearby contemporary of Rajasaurus from South America, is the main recognized meat-eating dinosaur with horns; maybe there was something in the transformative air in those days that chose for this trademark. It might likewise be the situation that the peak of Rajasaurus flushed pink (or some other shading) as a methods for flagging other pack individuals. Presently that weve set up that Rajasaurus was a meat-eater, what, precisely, did this dinosaur eat? Given the lack of Indian dinosaur fossils, we can just hypothesize, however a decent up-and-comer would be titanosaurs-the massive, four-legged, little brained dinosaurs that had a worldwide circulation during the later Mesozoic Era. Obviously, a dinosaur the size of Rajasaurus couldnt would like to bring down a full-developed titanosaur without anyone else, yet its conceivable that this theropod chased in packs, or that it took out recently incubated, old, or harmed people. Like different dinosaurs of its sort, Rajasaurus most likely preyed sharply on littler ornithopods and even on its kindred theropods; for all we know, it might even have been a periodic barbarian. Rajasaurus has been delegated a kind of huge theropod known as an abelisaur, and was hence firmly identified with the eponymous individual from this sort, the South American Abelisaurus. It was likewise close family to theâ comically short-outfitted Carnotaurus referenced above and the alleged savage dinosaur Majungasaurus from Madagascar. The family similarity can be clarified by the way that India and South America (just as Africa and Madagascar) were consolidated in the mammoth mainland Gondwana during the early Cretaceous time frame, when the last regular precursor of these dinosaurs lived. Name: Rajasaurus (Hindi/Greek for sovereign reptile); articulated RAH-jah-SORE-us Living space: Forests of India Recorded Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years back) Size and Weight: Around 30 feet in length and one ton Diet: Meat Recognizing Characteristics: Moderate size; bipedal stance; unmistakable peak on head

Ghandi Speech Essay

Whatever degree does Gandhi utilize moderately basic linguistic structure, communicating ethos and emotion, to speak to a bigger crowd. The ‘Quit India’ discourse was given by Mahatma Gandhi on August eighth of 1942. â€Å"Let me clarify my position clearly†, Gandhi stated, to start his first point. He utilizes straightforward linguistic structure when giving this discourse since he needs his focuses to be made more â€Å"clearly†. All through the entire discourse, Gandhi’s communicates in utilizing extremely essential language, along these lines engaging an a lot bigger crowd, of individuals as opposed to a chosen few. Gandhi utilizes ethos and poignancy so as to enrapture and captivate his crowd. Gandhi said â€Å"I need you to know and feel that there is only most perfect Ahimsa in all that I am stating and doing today.† He tends to the crowd utilizing â€Å"you† to make everything more straightforward and individual. Ethos and senti ment is likewise utilized all through this discourse to pick up believability of the individuals, persuading them into â€Å"joining† the â€Å"Quit India† development he is publicizing. â€Å"It is to join a battle for such majority rules system that I welcome you today.†, Gandhi said. â€Å"The power, when it comes, will have a place with the individuals to the individuals of India, and it will be for them to choose to whom it set and entrusted.† Promoting congress and dismissing fascism are the two greatest subjects Gandhi is attempting to help in this discourse. What's more, that is the reason the above extract is such a significant sentence to the discourse. Another methodology Ghandi consolidated was the reiteration of the word â€Å"we† all through the entire discourse. This was to assign that he is the voice of the individuals of India, not simply voicing out his own individual sentiment. â€Å"We must dispose of this inclination. Our squabble isn't with the British individuals, we battle their imperialism.† When giving a discourse, it is significant to know who your target group is. That way it will make it simpler for you to convince them since you comprehend what they are about. Mahatma Ghandi utilized this sign so as to convince his crowd and gave his discourse important. In â€Å"Quit India†, he utilized straightforward sentences and being progressively casual so as to draw in and keep the audience’ consideration. By and large, the intensity of discourse is so fantastic and can affect something beyond the target group. Yet, with the end goal for that to happen, the speaker must pick their words carefully, not simply writing down everything that rings a bell when given a theme. Not every person needs to peruse something that is not kidding and not every person is proficient, particularly during the time Mahatma Ghandi was conveying this discourse. Along these lines, assembling andâ delivering this discourse was significant so as to pull in individuals from every single diverse ethnicity and political perspectives. â€Å"Quit India† was n ot only a discourse proposed for a select crowd, however it is a discourse expected for each person to hear and decipher in their own particular manner. That is the virtuoso of Gandhi’s essential, yet meaninful, and relatable, grammar utilized through this discourse.

Ordinal Number Definition and Examples

An ordinal number is a number that indicates position or order in relation to other numbers: first, second, third, and so on. Contrast these types of numbers with cardinal numbers  (in math theyre also called natural numbers and integers), those numbers that represent countable quantity.   Ordinal numbers  do not represent quantity, notes Mark Andrew Lim, but rather indicate rank and position, such as the fifth car, the twenty†fourth bar, the second highest marks, and so on(The Handbook of Technical Analysis, 2012). Learning Ordinals If you are teaching ordinals to English language learners, introduce the concept by reviewing cardinal numbers. Then continue with the ordinals to contrast the concepts. Also, introduce the term last as a position vocabulary word. Examples of Ordinals All ordinal numbers carry a suffix: -nd, -rd, -st, or -th.  Ordinal numbers can be written as words (second, third) or as numerals followed by abbreviations  (2nd, 3rd). first (1st)second (2nd)third (3rd)fourth (4th)fifth (5th)sixth (6th)seventh (7th)eighth (8th)ninth (9th)tenth (10th)eleventh (11th)twelfth (12th)twentieth (20th)twenty-first (21st)twenty-second (22nd)twenty-third (23rd)twenty-fourth (24th)thirtieth (30th)one hundredth (100th)one thousandth (1,000th)one millionth (1,000,000th)one billionth (1,000,000,000th) Using Ordinal Numbers and Cardinal Numbers Together When a cardinal number and an ordinal number modify the same noun, the ordinal number always precedes the cardinal number: The first two operations were the most difficult to watch. The second three innings were quite dull. In the first example, the ordinal number first precedes the cardinal number two. Both first and two are determiners. In the second example, the ordinal number second precedes the cardinal number three. Both second and three are determiners. Try reading the sentences with the ordinal and cardinal numbers reversed. They simply sound wrong.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004) More Tips on Using Ordinal Numbers Spell out ordinal numbers—first, second, third, fourth—except when quoting from another source. In the interests of saving space, they may also be expressed in numerals in notes and references. ... Use words for  ordinal numbers in names, and for numerical street names ... : the Third Reich the Fourth Estate a fifth columnist Sixth Avenue a Seventh-Day Adventist ... Use figures for ages expressed in cardinal numbers, and words for ages expressed as ordinal numbers or decades: a girl of 15 a 33-year-old man between her teens and twenties in his 33rd year (R. M. Ritter, New Harts Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors. Oxford University Press, 2005) Do not use the ordinal (th, st, rd, nd) form of numbers when writing the complete date: January 15 is the date for the examination. However, you may use the ordinal suffixes if you use only the day: The 15th is the date for the examination. ... Write out ordinal numbers when they contain just one word: third prize, tenth in line, sixtieth anniversary, fifteenth birthday. Use numerals for the others: the 52nd state, the 21st Amendment.(Val Dumond, Grammar for Grownups. HarperCollins, 1993)

[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History...

[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use voice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what has shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilization to excel and progress into what is now modern day. Language has allowed the individual to communicate within a group as well as within him in order to accomplish many goals. Language gives us a means by which we can organize our ideas and†¦show more content†¦And semantic indeterminacy is the ether of attitude of language. It fills the interstices of our intentions and pervades accounts of presupposition, tense, fiction, translation, and especially, elusiveness. Language is primar ily formed through the interaction of people. This interaction could be of any nature, but in today’s world when English is undoubtedly the universal language, external factors play a pivotal role in English language’s evolution. Therefore, it would be imperative to look at the influences of these factors on the English language. The English language of today reflects many centuries of development (Naomi 24). The political and social events that have in the course of English history so profoundly affected the English people in their national life have generally had a recognizable effect on their language. The Christianizing of Britain brought England into contact with Latin civilization and made significant additions to our vocabulary. The Scandinavian invasions resulted in a considerable mixture of the two races and their languages. The Norman Conquest made English for two centuries the language mainly of the lower classes, while the nobles and those associated wit h them used French on almost all occasions (Baugh 2). And when English once more regained supremacy as the language of all elements of the population, it greatly changed in both form and vocabulary from what it had been in the 11th century.Show MoreRelatedOn Job Training Report3246 Words   |  13 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background The job training is an obligatory subject for all seventh semester students in English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. They must fulfill 100 hours or about one month to do job training in the chosen institution or company. The job training program is an activity done by the students to get experiences in subjects in the real work world. The job training which is done by students in a company or an institution should be the in line with theRead MoreThe Boy Who Paint Christ Black1018 Words   |  5 PagesMACARTHUR SCHOOL OF LEADERSHIP Course Number and Title: Academic English 2 Submitted To: Professor’s name: Kate de Vega Submitted By: Student’s Name: Jacques Jeune Student’s Email Address: jacquesjeune@pba.edu Date of Submission: 12/12/2012 Title of Assignment: APA CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper. This paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, eitherRead More3521 Unit 1 Essay example10967 Words   |  44 PagesELC3521 Professional Communication in English Unit 1 Planning project proposals Unit 1 Planning project proposals Learning outcomes At the end of the unit, you will be able to: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ plan and organise project proposals explain the background, objectives and method of a project refer to the literature to justify a project proposal use appropriate language in project proposals Introduction Part of the work involved in a research project is the writing of the project proposal. The proposal isRead MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 Pages  February 27, 1990       Introduction Transpiration is the evaporation of water particles from plant surfaces, especially from the surface openings, or stomates, on leaves.   Stomatal transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant, but some direct evaporation also takes place through the surfaces of the epidermal cells of the leaves. The amount of water given off depends somewhat upon how much water the roots of the plant have absorbed.   It also depends upon such environmental conditionsRead MoreIdioms in Newspaper Style7428 Words   |  30 Pagesof foreign languages 3th coarse, 4th group Student: Grigoryan Victoria Supervisor: Nina Mnatsakanyan Yerevan 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Chapter 1: Idiom, general characteristics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..5 Chapter 2: Newspaper style †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.23 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦25 INTRODUCTION Today the English language is widely spoken throughout the world. It is the language of 21st centuryRead MoreExam Malpractice3683 Words   |  15 Pagesquestions that this write up is out to tackle. To make this write up easy to understand and less ambiguous, we shall begin by defining some key terms used. 1.1 Definition of terms Examination According to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, an examination is formal written, spoken of college, to see how much one knows about a subject one can do. According to Ade Kate (1993), examination are assessment of knowledge both in skills and specific area of students and overallRead MoreCultural Analysis For Doing Business8067 Words   |  33 Pagesthis paper, while adding some unique attributes to this paper as well. Anyone wishing to conduct business in Ireland, want to find out about Irish people, or have an interest in traveling to Ireland, will learn all they need to know while reading through this paper. Keywords: Ireland, culture, business, U.S. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Ireland Ireland is a little, autonomous nation situated in northwestern Europe. The nation s official name is the Republic of IrelandRead MoreMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 PagesMENS REA: THE WRITING STYLE AND FEMINISM OF LAKAMBINI SITOY A Thesis Design presented to Dr. Lito Diones, Ed. D. Of the Graduate School of Literature, Communication, and Other Languages School of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of Lit 4007 Masterpieces of Filipino Writers Farina Dianne C. Abella October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ABSTRACTRead MoreSharon Construction7271 Words   |  30 Pagesemployment-growth potential, assess writing during hiring.† Consequently the Writing in the Disciplines (WID) program was developed ― a comprehensive curriculum which spans the various schools. There are WID classes in the Schools of Engineering, Psychology, History, Interior Design, and yes, The School of Business Administration. Regardless of the school, the WID charter calls for focus on four goals. 1. Writing throughout the term. WID courses are not writing courses, they are writing intensive coursesRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages4 IV. Language, Tone, and Voice ................................................................................................. 5 Sample Statements of Purpose ........................................................................................................ 8 I. Social Sciences ........................................................................................................................ 8 Education: Teaching English as a Second or Other Language (TESOL)—non-native English Speaker

Drinking Alcohol Essay Example For Students

Drinking Alcohol Essay Alcohol and TeensFrom pastures to unsupervised blowouts at home, the social calendars of most teens are full of alcohol. Other drugs rise and fall in popularity from generation to generation, but alcohol never really goes out of style. From being worshiped by the ancient Babylonians to being forbidden to teenagers, alcohol has caused many problems. Today, drinking is the drug of choice by teens and causes most wrecks and deaths today. To understand alcohol people must first know the history of alcohol, the effects of teen drinking, and the solutions to teen drinking. Alcohol has been all around the world for centuries and has become a custom of people all over. No one knows for sure who discovered alcohol, but we know how different types of alcohol are made. Just as well, no know knows when alcohol was discovered. There are no records of the discovery or discoverers of alcohol. Although historians do know alcohol was used by primitive people and recorded as early as 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic period and by European civilization(Milgram 22). As early as 5000 B.C., the ancient Babylonians brewed, the process of making beer, their beer in religious temples because it was considered a gift from God. Beer is an alcoholic beverage made by fermentation of cereal grains such as, wheat, rye, corn, or barley; beer contains 3 to 6 percent alcohol. Besides the ancient Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians drank beer. The Egyptians called their beer hek, which was made from barley bread. The bread was crumbled into jars, covered with water, and allowed to ferment. The Egyptian pharaohs blessed this beer in the honor of the goddess of nature, Isis. Egyptians handed out free jugs of beer to peasant workers, and by no surprise drunkenness was a common problem in ancient Egypt (Nielsen 13). The strongest alcohol drinks are called liquors or spirits. An Arabian alchemist named Geber discovered liquor in the eighteenth century A.D. Geber made liquor by distillation, burning away the impurities that formed in wine during fermentation and isolated the remaining liquids. As a result, the concentrated liquid had a higher alcoholic content, which was mainly flavored alcohol and water(Milgram 65). Arnaud de Villanueva discovered liquor in Europe 500 years later, when he made brandy. Arnaud claimed that brandy would cure all humanitys diseases, prolong life, maintain youth, and clear away ill humor. In the 1600s gin, akravit, and whiskey were discovered in many other countries. Then in the 1700s, the Americans invented bourbon. Teenagers rarely think before they do many things. Many times teenagers go to big blowouts or little get togethers with their friends. Their first thought is not about death, their grades, or alcoholism; their main purpose is to get drunk fast and sober up before going home by their set curfews. At parties, teenagers have an average of five or more beers in one night. In the United States teenage drinking has become a major problem, with about 3.3 million teens as problem drinkers. One-fourth of all seventh through twelfth graders admit to drinking at least once a week(Nielson 47). About forty percent of twelfth graders said they had one episode of heavy drinking in the past two weeks. Although no one knows why teens turn to drinking, various studies show that the amount of alcohol changes by their geographical location (Nielsen 47). One major problem with teens and alcohol is death. Many teenagers go to parties and drive home thinking that everything is all right, but twenty- one percent of young drivers involved in fatal crashes have been drinking (MADD 1). On a normal weekend, an average of one teenager dies in a car crash every hour, and nearly fifty percent of these crashes were involved with alcohol. Uses of alcohol and other drugs are associated with the leading causes of death and injury among teenagers and young adults (NCADD 1). Not only do car wrecks kill teenagers, so does compulsive drinking. Alcohol, a depressant on the central nervous system, is detectable when someone begins to have slurred speech, slow reaction time, or staggered walking (Milgram 20). The more a person drinks the higher the risk of having an alcohol over dose. Some signs of an overdose are mental confusion, stupor, coma, seizures, bluish skin color, low body temperature, slow or irregular breathing, and vomiting while sleeping(Al cohol Education Program 4). If these symptoms appear, call 911 for an ambulance, but never leave the victim alone. Effectiveness of Signals Intelligence EssayOther countries can also help by raising their drinking age to 21 years of age. Many places in the world a person must be 18 to drink, but in Germany he or she only has to be 16 (Net Biz 1). Canada has made it legal for people 18 and older to drink, but they also have the stiff minimum penalties for driving under the influence. Since that law, drinking offenses have plunged twenty-three percent. Along with Canada, drunken drivers in Finland, Sweden, England, and France receive automatic jail sentences and lose their licenses for at lease a year (Neilson 61). If other countries would raise drinking to age 21, then it would be tough for teenagers to get their alcohol. It is easy for teenagers that live in states bordering Canada or Mexico to bootleg across the border to the United States. By raising the age limits to 21 in Mexico and Canada, it would help cut down on teenage drinking. Everyday teenagers drink, despite the many dangers and ri sks that they are taking every time they drink. Throughout history and probably in the future, alcohol will be the leading drug of choice for teenagers. On the other hand, teenagers in turn are becoming better educated about themselves and the risk of alcohol. Work CitedAlcohol Education Program For Minors. Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 1994. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers. Drinking Driving and Other Drugs. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.madd.org/under21/default.shtml;Milgram, Gail. Coping with Alcohol. New York: The Boston Publishing Group1987. NCADD. Youth, Alcohol, and Other Drugs. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.ncadd.org/facts/youthalc.html;Net Biz Mentor. Underage Drinking. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.nbmentor.com/law/Test/underagedrinking/index.html;Nielson, Nancy. Teen Alcoholism. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc., 1990. OBrien, Robert, Morris Chafetz, Sidney Cohen. Understanding Alcohol And Other Drugs. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1999.

QUINTO INFORME SOBRE LA SITUACIN DE LOS DERECHOS Essays

QUINTO INFORME SOBRE LA SITUACIN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN GUATEMALA CAPTULO X LOS DERECHOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDGENAS Introduccin 1. Los derechos humanos de los individuos y pupueblos indgenas de Guatemala, aproximadamente la mitad de la poblacin total, han sido objeto de constante atencin de la Comisin[1]. El pueblo maya, el mayor en nmero de integrantes, comprende las comunidades lingsticas Achi', Akateco, Awakateco, Ch'orti', Chuj, Itza, Ixil, Popti', Q'anjob'al, Kaqchikel, K'iche', Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Pocomchi', Q'eqchi', Sakapulteko, Sipakapense, Tektiteko, Tz'utujil y Uspanteco.[2] La poblacin indgena esta tambin integrada por los pocos sobrevivientes del antiguo pueblo xinca, y por el pueblo garfuna, este ltimo de races indgenas y africanas ubicado en areas cercanas a la costa atlntica de Guatemala. 2. Por su conformacin poblacional Guatemala es un Estado multitnico, multilinge y pluricultural. 3. La poblacin de Guatemala es en su mayora rural. El 65%[3] de los habitantes residen en zonas rurales, y de ellos 52%[4] son indgenas, mayora que es ms pronunciada en los departamentos alejados de la capital. Los indgenas constituyen algo menos de la mitad de la poblacin urbana[5]. 4. Los indgenas en Guatemala histricamente han sido discriminados tnicamente, constituyen gran parte de la poblacin pobre o en extrema pobreza y son mayora en los departamentos con los ms altos ndices de exclusin social. Lo mismo ocurre en asentamientos urbanos marginales. Sin embargo, rurales o urbanos, mantienen en todas las regiones, una actividad y organizacin social intensa y una cultura rica y en continua adaptacin a las exigencias de los cambios histricos, defendiendo y desarrollando su identidad cultural. A. Marco jurdico 5. La legislacin en Guatemala contiene una serie de normas especficas y dispersas, de rango constitucional y legal, sobre los pueblos indgenas. La tendencia legislativa de la ltima dcada en esta materia se ha caracterizado por incorporar en el ordenamiento legal normas de reconocimiento y proteccin en favor de los indgenas, en relacin por ejemplo con la proteccin del nio o la nia indgena, la promocin de la educacin bilinge intercultural, la creacin de instituciones de proteccin y defensa de la mujer indgena, entre otras. 6. La Constitucin Poltica de la Repblica reconoce que el Estado est formado por diversos grupos tnicos y asegura reconocer, respetar y promover sus formas de vida, costumbres y tradiciones. Proteccin a grupos tnicos. Guatemala est formada por diversos grupos tnicos entre los que figuran los grupos indgenas de ascendencia maya. El Estado reconoce, respeta y promueve sus formas de vida, costumbres, tradiciones, formas de organizacin social, el uso del traje indgena en hombre y mujeres, idiomas y dialectos. [6] 7. En 1997 entr en vigencia en Guatemala el Convenio 169, sobre pueblos indgenas y tribales en pases independientes, de la Organizacin Internacional del Trabajo (O.I.T.) que es el instrumento internacional de derechos humanos especfico ms relevante para los derechos de los indgenas, que establece que : Los pueblos indgenas y tribales debern gozar plenamente de los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales, sin obstculos ni discriminacin. Las disposiciones de este Convenio se aplicarn sin discriminacin a los hombres y mujeres de esos pueblos.[7] B. LOS INDGENAS GUATEMALTECOS Y EL CONFLICTO ARMADO (1962-1996) 8. La cifra total de vctimas de la violencia politica en este perodo ha sido estimada por investigaciones y estudios en ms de doscientas mil, sea personas muertas o desaparecidas forzosamente, consecuencia del conflicto armado en Guatemala ocurrido entre los aos 1962 y 1996.[8] La gran mayora de las vctimas fueron guatemalteco-mayas. 9. Los guatemalteco-mayas representaron el 83% de las vctimas plenamente identificadas por la Comisin para el Esclarecimiento Histrico[9], (CEH) en su trabajo de documentacin de las violaciones de los derechos humanos y hechos de violencia vinculados al enfrentamiento armado. En su labor de documentacin la CEH identific 42.275[10] vctimas hombres, mujeres y nios de las que 23.671 fueron vctimas de ejecuciones arbitrarias y 6.159 vctimas de desaparicin forzada. 10. La poltica contrainsurgente en Guatemala se caracteriz en varios perodos por acciones militares destinadas a la destruccin de grupos y comunidades como tales, as como al desplazamiento geogrfico de comunidades indgenas cuando se las consideraba posibles auxiliares de la guerrilla. En el perodo ms violento del conflicto armado (1978-1983), bajo las presidencias de los generales Romeo Lucas Garca (1978-1982) y Efran Ros Montt (1982-1983) los operativos militares se concentraron en Quich, Huehuetenango, Chimaltenango, Alta y Baja Verapaz, costa sur y ciudad de Guatemala. 11. Las masacres en las aldeas Plan Snchez y Dos Erres ocurridas en 1982 son ejemplos dolorosos de la poltica de exterminio en contra de las comunidades indgenas. El exterminio

Exam Study Computer Concepts Essays

Exam Study Computer Concepts Essays Exam Study Computer Concepts Essay Exam Study Computer Concepts Essay Computer Concepts Exam Study for University of LA VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Hardware, software, and protocols used to make call over the internet. Convergence: Basically combining devices into one device, Ex) mp3 and cameras on cell phones. That’s convergence. File: A named collection of data. Digital: Discrete Data Super Computer: The fastest and expensive computer Analog Data: Continuous data EBSDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code): A method by which computers represent character data. Machine Code: Program instructions written in binary code that the computer can execute directly. Registers: Area in microprocessors where data or instructions are moved so they can be processed. Word Size: The number of bits a CPU can manipulate at one time. Volatile: A term that describes data that can exist only with a power source. Shareware: They have a trial but once its over, they need to pay for it. Open source software: Software that includes the source data so programmers can modify and edit it. Executable file: File containing instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task. Multiuser Operating System: Allows a computer to deal with multiple processing requests. Bootstrap Program: Loads and initializes operating system Incremental Backup: A backup that contains files that changed since the last backup Differential Backup: A copy of all the files that changed since the last full backup HomePNA and HomePLC: HomePNA uses cables and HomePLC uses electricity wires. WIMAX: Fixed wireless internet and range is 30 miles. TCP: Responsible for establishing a data connection between two host and breaking data into packets. Asymmetric internet connection: Downstream differs from upstream. Symmetric Internet connection: both the same

A Definition Of Monopoly Economics Essay

A Definition Of Monopoly Economics Essay Monopoly is an industry that has only one firm that sells a good which has no close substitutes. Monopoly firms also represent industries because there are no other firms in the market. Products that are from monopoly market are electricity, water, cable television, local telephone services and many more. Examples of monopoly firm in Malaysia is Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB’s unique position as a monopoly in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Peninsular Malaysia. TNB is the only firm that provides us electricity to every building in Malaysia. Another monopoly firm in Malaysia that only provide sewerage services is Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd. Indah Water Konsortium is the only firm in Malaysia that mainly responsible for operating and maintaining the public sewage treatment plants and network of underground sewerage pipelines. Characteristics of Monopoly Market One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly market characteristics are they is onl y one producer or seller in the market and there are many buyers. Therefore, the firm had the power to control the whole market whether it is from the angle of determining the price or the quantity of production. A monopolist has the power to determine the level of price because there is no competition from other firms. Therefore, if the monopolist intends to sell a bigger quantity, it has to reduce the price. This means that the monopolist can only control the price or the quantity of sales, and not both at once. No close substitution Furthermore, monopoly firm’s goods have no substitutes, its means consumers have no choice other than what is produced by the monopolist and they can’t find any substitute of the product. For example, Telekom Malaysia is a firms that provide home telephone services which has no close substitutes but if the buyer can find another firms that provide home telephone service therefore the product is no longer in monopoly. Restriction of entry of new firms All the competitors are prevented from entering the market due to strict barriers to the entry of new firm. To restrict the entry of new firms into the industry, there are barriers to entry that are natural or legal restrictions. There are no competition faces by monopolist is because of barriers of entry. Advertising A monopolist doesn’t need to advertise their product or services to increase sales because monopolist had the right to control the market and consumers know where to obtain the products and they have no choice to buy from other producer. Monopoly firms that provide local public utilities such as water, electricity and home phone services doesn’t need to advertise since they are the only firms that provide it and customers had no choice to buy it from another firm. Intro to Question 2 It is traditional to divide industries into categories according to the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry. There are four such categories. First of all is perfect competition is the market where there is a large number of buyers and seller. The goods sold in the market are homogenous where most of the goods are alike and most likely the same. Therefore, sellers can easily enter and exit from the market. Most of the agricultural goods are included in perfect competition market such as vegetables, fruits, rice, coffee beans, wheat, primary commodities, gold, silver and others.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

Marketing - Essay Example The author performed content analysis of the number of websites operated by leading fashion retailers along with three large supermarkets in UK. The author, while selecting the sample, focused only on choosing retail stores along with super store chains however there was no appropriate method was adapted. This article offers an insight through content analysis as to how the online branding is done by the retailers. This study was conducted by observational research methods through content analysis. Observational research methods are particularly suitable in situations where behaviors are observed. By performing cohort analysis, researcher therefore has attempted to offer a deeper insight into the similar traits and characteristics of the group of retailers in UK. However, this study is only limited to content analysis and as such does not offer any other insight obtained through other means of research like obtaining primary data through interviews or through circulating questionnaire to gain the responses of the managers. This research is limited due to the fact that it only takes into UK fashion retailers however, it fails to take into account how these retailers and their branding strategies actually affect their marketability. I.e. study does not provide any indication of how online branding strategies are helping firms to achieve their strategic goals. Observational studies however, often time consuming and selection of the sample can be difficult to obtain. Since such methods are time consuming, therefore changes that take place over the period of time due to changes in the consumer preferences may not be measured appropriately. Since observational research methods often involve certain ethical issues therefore the overall reliability may not be entirely to the complete satisfaction of the researcher. It is also imperative that the researcher may not be able to obtain entirely correct

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example Shocking too is that almost half the group had undergone some form of mental or physical abuse. According to Alsbjer (3), the experiences that the AAS users had from school were in most cases negative and were accompanied by LDs (learning difficulties), boredom, as well as concentration problems. The current circumstances of the interviewees included theft, illegal possession of weapons, crimes such as assault and wife battering, and abuse of other drugs. Their stories on the development of drug use varied significantly taking into account social background, onset of drug use, relationship to use as well as experience of the effects of AAS. Initially, all patients had experienced positive AAS effects, but with time the negative consequences overrode them. It was found out that all of them were given to excess gym training and combined this with steroids an indicator that the use of AAS has a close relation to gym training. This source’s only bias is the dwelling mostly on adults and their current endeavors to recover from AAS abuse and addiction. This shortcoming can be countered or covered by arguing from the point of view that those under observation give accounts of having started the abuse of steroids in their adolescence or teens. The source fails to consider the possibility of teens from well off families starting to use steroids as a matter of peer pressure and to enhance their looks albeit citing social difficulties and mental issues as the cause. This possibility is factored in, in most of the other sources. The audience for the material in this source would specifically be AAS users to help them understand the hidden reasons behind AAS use from the interviewees’ accounts of their stories. This source is appropriate for my research by providing some effects of AAS use such as acting as a gateway to abuse of other drugs, as well as connection to criminal activities. This source h as

Paeadise Lost :: Essays Papers

Paeadise Lost In John Milton’s Paradise Lost, we can see that there are the two ideas damnation and salvation through the characters of Satan and Adam & Eve, respectively. It is Satan’s sin of pride that first causes him to fall from God’s grace and into the depths of hell. This same pride is also what keeps him from being able to be reconciled to God, and instead, leads him to buy into his own idea of saving himself. With Adam & Eve, we see that although they too, disobeyed God, they repented of their sin, and were reconciled to the Divinity through the saving judgement of the Son. It is their ability to admit their wrong doings to God that allow them to have the promise of returning to Paradise; something that Satan was not able to do. In the fourth book in Paradise Lost, we see Satan wrestling with himself over what has happened, his fall, and what it is he is about to do, his completely setting himself against God. He is able to recognize that God’s forgiving nature extends even to himself, "I could repent and could obtain By Act of Grace, my former state", and is if only for a moment, unsure as to "which way I shall fly"? However, Satan knowingly chooses to cling to his foolish pride, and is unwilling to ask and receive the forgiveness of God, "is there no place left for repentance†¦ none left†¦ disdain forbids me". It is important to understand that Satan fully comprehends the sin he is about to commit as he is well aware of the consequences for his actions. He allows his pride to completely remove him from ever regaining his "former state", and so damns himself and the other fallen angels to the hell set aside for them. This idea of his last and lost chance to reconcile himself to the Divinit y is seen when he declares "So farewell Hope†¦ Farewell Remorse: all Good to me is lost". This demonstrates his complete sense of despair, and thereby, his complete rejection of both God and His love. When we look at Adam & Eve, we see what might be considered tragic "heroes" in the sense that they also knowingly doom themselves to be removed from Paradise, and subjected to the harsh, new world as well as death, and yet persevere with the hope for a better future.

Historical Development of Nursing

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Create a 700- to 1,050-word timeline paper of the historical development of nursing science, starting with Florence Nightingale and continuing to the present. Format the timeline however you wish, but the word count and assignment requirements must be met. Include the following in your timeline: †¢ Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorists, and events in the history of nursing. Explain the relationship between nursing science and the profession. †¢ Include the influences on nursing science of other disciplines, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences, and psychology. Prepare to discuss your timeline with your Learning Team or in class. Format all references consistent with APA guidelines. Copyright  © 2013 Penn Nursing Science, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing http://www. nursing. upenn. edu/nhhc/Pages/AmericanNursingIntroduct ion. aspx http://www. nursing. penn. edu/nhhc/Welcome%20Page%20Content/American%20Nursing. pdf Nursing Theories. The Base for Professional Nursing Practice, Sixth Edition Chapter 2: Nursing Theory and Clinical Practice ISBN: 9780135135839  Author: Julia B. GeorgeRN, PhD copyright  © 2011  Pearson Education lorence Nightingale believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing.These are ventilation and warming, health of houses (pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light), petty management (today known as continuity of care), noise, variety, taking food, what food, bed and bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls, personal cleanliness, chattering hopes and advices, and observation of the sick. Hildegard E. Peplau focused on the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the patient. The three phases of this relationship are orientation, working, and termination.The relationship is initiated by the patient’s felt need and termination occurs when the need is met. Both the nurse and the patient grow as a result of their interaction. Virginia Henderson first defined nursing as doing for others what they lack the strength, will, or knowledge to do for themselves and then identified 14 components of care. These components provide a guide to identifying areas in which a person may lack the strength, will, or knowledge to meet personal needs.They include breathing, eating and drinking, eliminating, moving, sleeping and resting, dressing and undressing appropriately, maintaining body temperature, keeping clean and protecting the skin, avoiding dangers and injury to others, communicating, worshiping, working, playing, and learning. Dorothea E. Orem identified three theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. The ability of the p erson to meet daily requirements is known as self-care, and carrying out those activities is self-care agency.Parents serve as dependent care agents for their children. The ability to provide self-care is influenced by basic conditioning factors including but not limited to age, gender, and developmental state. Self-care needs are partially determined by the self-care requisites, which are categorized as universal (air, water, food, elimination, activity and rest, solitude and social interaction, hazard prevention, function within social groups), developmental, and health deviation (needs arising from injury or illness and from efforts to treat the injury or illness).The total demands created by the self-care requisites are identified as therapeutic self-care demand. When the therapeutic self-care demand exceeds self-care agency, a self-care deficit exists, and nursing is needed. Based on the needs, the nurse designs nursing systems that are wholly compensatory (the nurse provides a ll needed care), partly compensatory (the nurse and the patient provide care together), or supportive-educative (the nurse provides needed support and education for the patient to exercise self-care). Dorothy E.Johnson stated that nursing’s area of concern is the behavioral system that consists of seven subsystems. The subsystems are attachment or affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement. The behaviors for each of the subsystems occur as a result of the drive, set, choices, and goal of the subsystem. The purpose of the behaviors is to reduce tensions and keep the behavioral system in balance. Ida Jean Orlando described a disciplined nursing process. Her process is initiated by the patient’s behavior.This behavior engenders a reaction in the nurse, described as an automatic perception, thought, or feeling. The nurse shares the reaction with the patient, identifying it as the nurse’s perception, thought, or feeling, and seeking validation of the accuracy of the reaction. Once the nurse and the patient have agreed on the immediate need that led to the patient’s behavior and to the action to be taken by the nurse to meet that need, the nurse carries out a deliberative action. Any action taken by the nurse for reasons other than meeting the patient’s immediate need is an automatic action.Lydia E. Hall believed that persons over the age of 16 who were past the acute stage of illness required a different focus for their care than during the acute stage. She described the circles of care, core, and cure. Activities in the care circle belong solely to nursing and involve bodily care and comfort. Activities in the core circle are shared with all members of the health care team and involve the person and therapeutic use of self. Hall believed the drive to recovery must come from within the person.Activities in the cure circle also are shared with other members of the health care team and may i nclude the patient’s family. The cure circle focuses on the disease and the medical care. Faye G. Abdellah sought to change the focus of care from the disease to the patient and thus proposed patient-centered approaches to care. She identified 21 nursing problems, or areas vital to the growth and functioning of humans that require support from nurses when persons are for some reason limited in carrying out the activities needed to provide such growth.These areas are hygiene and comfort, activity (including exercise, rest, and sleep), safety, body mechanics, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, fluid and electrolyte balance, recognition of physiological responses to disease, regulatory mechanisms, sensory functions, emotions, interrelatedness of emotions and illness, communication, interpersonal relationships, spiritual goals, therapeutic environment, individuality, optimal goals, use of community resources, and role of society.Ernestine Wiedenbach proposed a prescriptive theory th at involves the nurse’s central purpose, prescription to fulfill that purpose, and the realities that influence the ability to fulfill the central purpose (the nurse, the patient, the goal, the means, and the framework or environment). Nursing involves the identification of the patient’s need for help, the ministration of help, and validation that the efforts made were indeed helpful.Her principles of helping indicate the nurse should look for patient behaviors that are not consistent with what is expected, should continue helping efforts in spite of encountering difficulties, and should recognize personal limitations and seek help from others as needed. Nursing actions may be reflex or spontaneous and based on sensations, conditioned or automatic and based on perceptions, impulsive and based on assumptions, or deliberate or responsible and based on realization, insight, design, and decision that involves discussion and joint planning with the patient.Joyce Travelbee w as concerned with the interpersonal process between the professional nurse and that nurse’s client, whether an individual, family, or community. The functions of the nurse–client, or human-to-human, relationship are to prevent or cope with illness or suffering and to find meaning in illness or suffering. This relationship requires a disciplined, intellectual approach, with the nurse employing a therapeutic use of self. The five phases of the human-to-human relationship are encounter, identities, empathy, sympathy, and rapport.Myra Estrin Levine described adaptation as the process by which conservation is achieved, with the purpose of conservation being integrity, or preservation of the whole of the person. Adaptation is based on past experiences of effective responses (historicity), the use of responses specific to the demands being made (specificity), and more than one level of response (redundancy). Adaptation seeks the best fit between the person and the environment . The principles of conservation deal with conservation of energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity of the individual. Imogene M.King presented both a systems-based conceptual framework of personal, interpersonal, and social systems and a theory of goal attainment. The concepts of the theory of goal attainment are interaction, perception, communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth and development, time, and personal space. The nurse and the client usually meet as strangers. Each brings to this meeting perceptions and judgments about the situation and the other; each acts and then reacts to the other’s action. The reactions lead to interaction, which, when effective, leads to transaction or movement toward mutually agreed-on goals.She emphasizes that both the nurse and the patient bring important knowledge and information to this goal-attainment process. Martha E. Rogers identified the basic science of nursing as the Science of Unitary Human Beings. The human being is a whole, not a collection of parts. She presented the human being and the environment as energy fields that are integral with each other. The human being does not have an energy field but is an energy field. These fields can be identified by their pattern, described as a distinguishing characteristic that is perceived as a single wave.These patterns occur in a pandimensional world. Rogers’s principles are resonancy, or continuous change to higher frequency; helicy, or unpredictable movement toward increasing diversity; and integrality, or the continuous mutual process of the human field and the environmental field. Sister Callista Roy proposed the Roy Adaptation Model. The person or group responds to stimuli from the internal or external environment through control processes or coping mechanisms identified as the regulator and cognator (stabilizer and innovator for the group) subsystems.The regulator processes are essentially automatic, while the cognator processes involve perception, learning, judgment, and emotion. The results of the processing by these coping mechanisms are behaviors in one of four modes. These modes are the physiological–physical mode (oxygenation; nutrition; elimination; activity and rest; protection; senses; fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance; and endocrine function for individuals and resource adequacy for groups), self-concept–group identity mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode.These behaviors may be either adaptive (promoting the integrity of the human system) or ineffective (not promoting such integrity). The nurse assesses the behaviors in each of the modes and identifies those adaptive behaviors that need support and those ineffective behaviors that require intervention. For each of these behaviors, the nurse then seeks to identify the associated stimuli. The stimulus most directly associated with the behavior is the focal stimulus; all other stimuli that are verified as influencing the behavior are contextual stimuli.Any stimuli that may be influencing the behavior but that have not been verified as doing so are residual stimuli. Once the stimuli are identified, the nurse, in cooperation with the patient, plans and carries out interventions to alter stimuli and support adaptive behaviors. The effectiveness of the actions taken is evaluated. Betty Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model. Systems have three environments—the internal, the external, and the created environment. Each system, whether an individual or a group, has several structures. The basic structure or core is where the energy resources reside.This core is protected by lines of resistance that in turn are surrounded by the normal line of defense and finally the flexible line of defense. Each of the structures consists of the five variables of physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. Each variable is influ enced by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal factors. The system seeks a state of equilibrium that may be disrupted by stressors. Stressors, either existing or potential, first encounter the flexible line of defense.If the flexible line of defense cannot counteract the stressor, then the normal line of defense is activated. If the normal line of defense is breached, the stressor enters the system and leads to a reaction, associated with the lines of resistance. This reaction is what is usually termed symptoms. If the lines of resistance allow the stressor to reach the core, depletion of energy resources and death are threatened. In the Neuman Systems Model, there are three levels of prevention. Primary prevention occurs before a stressor enters the system and causes a reaction.Secondary prevention occurs in response to the symptoms, and tertiary prevention seeks to support maintenance of stability and to prevent future occurrences. Kathryn E. Barnard’s focus is on the circumstances that enhance the development of the young child. In her Child Health Assessment Interaction Model, the key components are the child, the caregiver, the environment, and the interactions between child and caregiver. Contributions made by the child include temperament and ability to regulate and by the caregiver physical health, mental health, coping, and level of education.The environment includes both animate and inanimate resources. In assessing interaction, the parent is assessed in relation to sensibility to cues, fostering emotional growth, and fostering cognitive growth. The infant is assessed in relation to clarity of cue given and responsiveness to parent. Josephine E. Paterson and Loretta T. Zderad presented humanistic nursing. Humans are seen as becoming through choices, and health is a personal value of more-being and well-being. Humanistic nursing involves dialogue, community, and phenomenologic nursology.Dialogue occurs through meeting the other, relat ing with the other, being in presence together, and sharing through call and response. Community is the sense of â€Å"we. † Phenomenologic nursology involves the nurse preparing to know another, having intuitive responses to another, learning about the other scientifically, synthesizing information about the other with information already known, and developing a truth that is both uniquely personal and generally applicable. Madeleine M. Leininger provided a guide to the inclusion of culture as a vital aspect of nursing practice.Her Sunrise Model posits that important dimensions of culture and social structure are technology, religion, philosophy, kinship and other related social factors, cultural values and lifeways, politics, law, economics, and education within the context of language and environment. All of these influence care patterns and expressions that impact the health or well-being of individuals, families, groups, and institutions. The diverse health systems inclu de the folk care systems and the professional care systems that are linked by nursing.To provide culture congruent care, nursing decisions and actions should seek to provide culture care preservation or maintenance, culture care accommodation or negotiation, or culture care repatterning or restructuring. Margaret Newman described health as expanding consciousness. Important concepts are consciousness (the information capacity of the system), pattern (movement, diversity, and rhythm of the whole), pattern recognition (identification within the observer of the whole of another), and transformation (change). Health and disease are seen as reflections of the larger whole rather than as different entities.She proposed (with Sime and Corcoran-Perry) the unitary–transformative paradigm in which human beings are viewed as unitary phenomenon. These phenomenon are identified by pattern, and change is unpredictable, toward diversity, and transformative. Stages of disorganization, or cho ice points, lead to change, and health is the evolving pattern of the whole as the system moves to higher levels of consciousness. The nurse enters into process with a client and does not serve as a problem solver. Jean Watson described nursing as human science and human care.Her clinical caritas processes include practicing loving-kindness and equanimity within a context of caring consciousness; being authentically present and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one-being-cared-for; cultivating one’s own spiritual practice and transpersonal self, developing and sustaining helping-trusting in an authentic caring relationship; being present to and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with the deeper spirit of self and the one-being-cared-for; creatively using self and all ways of knowing as a part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices; engaging in a genu ine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning while attempting to stay within other’s frame of reference; creating healing environments at all levels, physical as well as nonphysical, within a subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby the potentials of wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are enhanced; assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, to potentiate alignment of mind/body/spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care; tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence; opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dimensions of one’s own life-death; and soul care for self and the one-being-cared-for. These caritas processes occur within a transpersonal caring relationship and a caring occasion and caring moment as the nurse and other come together and share with each other. The transpersonal caring relationship seeks to provide mental a nd spiritual growth for both participants while seeking to restore or improve the harmony and unity within the personhood of the other.Rosemarie Rizzo Parse developed the theory of Humanbecoming within the simultaneity paradigm that views human beings as developing meaning through freedom to choose and as more than and different from a sum of parts. Her practice methodology has three dimensions, each with a related process. The first is illuminating meaning, or explicating, or making clear through talking about it, what was, is, and will be. The second is synchronizing rhythms, or dwelling with or being immersed with the process of connecting and separating within the rhythms of the exchange between the human and the universe. The third is mobilizing transcendence, or moving beyond or moving toward what is envisioned, the moment to what has not yet occurred.In the theory of Humanbecoming, the nurse is an interpersonal guide, with the responsibility for decision making (or making of choices) residing in the client. The nurse provides support but not counseling. However, the traditional role of teaching does fall within illuminating meaning, and serving as a change agent is congruent with mobilizing transcendence. Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, and Mary Ann P. Swain presented the theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling. Both modeling and role-modeling involve an art and a science. Modeling requires the nurse to seek an understanding of the client’s view of the world. The art of modeling involves the use of empathy in developing this understanding.The science of modeling involves the use of the nurse’s knowledge in analyzing the information collected to create the model. Role-modeling seeks to facilitate health. The art of role-modeling lies in individualizing the facilitations, while the science lies in the use of the nurse’s theoretical knowledge base to plan and implement care. The aims of intervention are to build trust, promote the cl ient’s positive orientation of self, promote the client’s perception of being in control, promote the client’s strengths, and set mutual health-directed goals. The client has self-care knowledge about what his needs are and self-care resources to help meet these needs and takes self-care action to use the resources to meet the needs.In addition, a major motivation for human behavior is the drive for affiliated individuation, or having a personal identity while being connected to others. The individual’s ability to mobilize resources is identified as adaptive potential. Adaptive potential may be identified as adaptive equilibrium (a nonstress state in which resources are utilized appropriately), maladaptive equilibrium (a nonstress state in which resource utilization is placing one or more subsystems in jeopardy), arousal (a stress state in which the client is having difficulty mobilizing resources), or impoverishment (a stress state in which resources are diminished or depleted).Interventions differ according to the adaptive potential. Those in adaptive equilibrium can be encouraged to continue and may require only facilitation of their self-care actions. Those in maladaptive equilibrium present the challenge of seeing no reason to change since they are in equilibrium. Here motivation strategies to seek to change are needed. Those in arousal are best supported by actions that facilitate change and support individuation; these are likely to include teaching, guidance, direction, and other assistance. Those in impoverishment have strong affiliation needs, need their internal strengths promoted, and need to have resources provided. Nola J.Pender developed the Health Promotion Model (revised) with the goal of achieving outcomes of health-promoting behavior. Areas identified to help understand personal choices made in relation to health-promoting behavior include perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self- efficacy (or ability to carry out the action), activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, situation influences, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands and preferences. Patricia Benner described expert nursing practice and identified five stages of skill acquisition as novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.She discusses a number of concepts in relation to these stages, including agency, assumptions, expectations and set, background meaning, caring, clinical forethought, clinical judgment, clinical knowledge, clinical reasoning, clinical transitions, common meanings, concern, coping, skill acquisition, domains of practice, embodied intelligence, embodied knowledge, emotions, ethical judgment, experience, graded qualitative distinctions, intuition, knowing the patient, maxims, paradigm cases and personal knowledge, reasoning-in-transition, social embeddedness, stress, temporality, thinking-in-action, and unplanned practices. Julie t Corbin and Anselm L. Strauss developed the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework, in which they describe the course of illness and the actions taken to shape that course. The phases of the framework are pretrajectory, trajectory onset, stable, unstable, acute, crisis, comeback, downward, and dying.A trajectory projection is one’s personal vision of the illness, and a trajectory scheme is the plan of actions to shape the course of the illness, control associated symptoms, and handle disability. Important also are one’s biography or life story and one’s everyday life activities (similar to activities of daily living). Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer present nursing as caring in a grand theory that may be used in combination with other theories. Persons are caring by virtue of being human; are caring, moment to moment; are whole and complete in the moment; and are already complete while growing in completeness. Personhood is the process of living grounded in ca ring and is enhanced through nurturing relationships.Nursing as a discipline is a being, knowing, living, and valuing response to a social call. As a profession, nursing is based on a social call and uses a body of knowledge to respond to that call. The focus of nursing is nurturing persons living in caring and growing in caring. This nurturing occurs in the nursing situation, or the lived experience shared between the nurse and the nursed, in which personhood is enhanced. The call for nursing is not based on a need or a deficit and thus focuses on helping the other celebrate the fullness of being rather than seeking to fix something. Boykin and Schoenhofer encourage the use of storytelling to make evident the service of nursing.Katharine Kolcaba developed a comfort theory in which she describes comfort, comfort care, comfort measures, and comfort needs as well as health-seeking behavior, institutional integrity, and intervening variables. She speaks of comfort as physical, psychosp iritual, environmental, and sociocultural and describes technical comfort measures, coaching for comfort, and comfort food for the soul. Ramona Mercer describes the process of becoming a mother in the four stages of commitment, attachment, and preparation; acquaintance, learning, and physical restoration; moving toward a new normal; and achievement of the maternal identity. The stages occur with the three nested living environments of family and friends, community, and society at large.Afaf Meleis, in her theory of transitions, identifies four types of transitions: developmental, situational, health–illness, and organizational. Properties of the transition experience include awareness, engagement, change and difference, time span, critical points, and events. Personal conditions include meanings, cultural beliefs and attitudes, socioeconomic status, and preparation and knowledge. Community conditions include family support, information available, health care resources, and ro le models. Process indicators are feeling connected, interacting, location, and being situated and developing confidence and coping. Outcome indicators include mastery and fluid integrative processes. Merle H.Mishel describes uncertainty in illness with the three major themes of antecedents of uncertainty, appraisal of uncertainty, and coping with uncertainty. Antecedents of uncertainty are the stimuli frame, including symptom pattern, event familiarity, and event congruence; cognitive capacity or informational processing ability; and structure providers, such as education, social support, and credible authorities. Appraisal of uncertainty includes both inference (use of past experience to evaluate an event) and illusion (creating beliefs from uncertainty with a positive outlook). Coping with uncertainty includes danger, opportunity, coping, and adaptation.The Reconceptualized Uncertainty in Illness Theory adds self-organization and probabilistic thinking and changes the goal from r eturn to previous level of functioning to growth to a new value system. Each of these models or theories will be applied to clinical practice with the following case study: May Allenski, an 84-year-old White female, had emergency femoral-popliteal bypass surgery two days ago. She has severe peripheral vascular disease, and a clot blocked 90% of the circulation to her right leg one week ago. The grafts were taken from her left leg, so there are long incisions in each leg. She lives in a small town about 75 miles from the medical center. The initial clotting occurred late on Friday night; she did not see a doctor until Monday.The first physician referred her to a vascular specialist, who then referred her to the medical center. Her 90-year-old husband drove her to the medical center on Tuesday. You anticipate she will be discharged to home on the fourth postoperative day, as is standard procedure. She is learning to transfer to and from bed and toilet to wheelchair. Table 2-1 shows ex amples of application in clinical practice that are not complete but are intended to provide only a partial example for each. Study of these examples can provide ideas or suggestions for use in clinical practice. Readers are encouraged to develop further detail as appropriate to their practice.

How A Woman Can t Have It All By Managing A Career And...

Anne-Marie Slaughter wrote an article about how a woman can’t have it all by managing a career and family. Ellen Ullman wrote an article how she was a computer programmer for a company that didn’t have many women work in that field. It has become common today to dismiss the debates in the workplace for twenty-first-century women that have a family and work to balance. Many people used to think that high-profile jobs were for men and that woman stayed home to watch the family. Within the past few decades’ women have started to do the jobs that men were doing to help the husband and the family. Both authors elaborated on the way their work is set and how hard they both succeeded to get to where they are now. While both Slaughter and Ullman†¦show more content†¦And by all, he meant three, but at the time, it was rare for women to have a well-placed technical position. Both Ullman and Slaughter were faced with sexism in the workplace and found ways to ignor e it. However, they also faced different social structures in the workplace. Ullman believes women today face a new, more virile and virulent sexism. She found that being a woman put her at one remove from the general society of programmers. And that the rule of law and social activism certainly are crucial. Ullman claims that, â€Å"No matter how strong the social structure, there is always that cheeked-slapped moment when you are alone with the anti-woman prejudice: the joke, the leer, the disregard, the invisibility, the inescapable fact that the moment you walk through the door you are seen as lesser, no matter what your credentials† (729). She meant that no matter how hard you succeeded in your education, you’d always be seen fragile. Ullman also stated that staring prejudice in the face imposes a spiteful discipline: to structure anger, to achieve a certain dignity, an enraged dignity. On the other hand, Slaughter had claimed that â€Å"women of her generation have mai ntained to the feminist stance, that they were raised with, ranks had steadily thinned by indeterminable pressures between family and career, because they were determined not to drop the flag for the next generation women† (680). She strongly believes women canShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Family986 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I wonder if I have what it takes to be all of the things I need to be to everyone who depends on me as a mother,wife,career woman,sister,friend and now a college student. My three children are not young so they do not need daycare or every single minute of my free time anymore. However, they are busy,athletic,social butterflies who keep me on the go all the time. It is a hard but possible journey to be a successful student while balancing my time with a career and family. The first step inRead MoreCommon Knowledge That Emerging Adult College Students1043 Words   |  5 Pages Its common knowledge that emerging adult college students can be under heavy amounts of both positive and negative stress. Especially because higher education can pose opportunities and risks. The purpose of the study done by Justin W. Peter, Stephen B. Hillman and Emma Van Hoet was to analyze how stress influenced the lives of emerging adults as well as whether or not they managed it effectively. According to the article, the study was aimed to expand on previous studies conducted. The focusRead MoreChrist Led Leaders : The Heroes Of The World1672 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders are those who consult God concerning every situation. Therefore, their decisions are applied with much wisdom and love. This causes a leader to be known as one of the best ones. People will forget what you said, but they will never forget how you made them feel (Maya Angelou). Some of the most known leaders are the ones who acted in the love of God. For an example, Martin Luther King was on who carried the love of God through his messages. He was known for encouraging others to maintainRead MoreHeidi Roizen, A Native Of Silicon Valley754 Words   |  4 Pagesbrilliantly managed building a strong network around herself during her course of life while concentrating on venture capitalism at the same time. She is outgoing, forward thinker and she can foresee opportunities that others miss. She faced a tough time working as one of the board directors in various companies and managing her strong network that she has built over the years. I believe that her strong networking skills and her outgoing/jovial attitude has led to her success and at no cost she should prioritizeRead MoreExecutive Officer Of Tritel Customer Services Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesoutstanding women who have started, built, inherited, partnered, or have entered business ownership. To obtain a degree in business you must attend schooling at a university or online management courses. This includes classes that are designed to help you develop the professional knowledge and skills of cross functional managers and also improve communication and productivity skills. By having this job you are primarily your own boss. You will choose the hours you want to work and how you want your businessRead MoreXerox Co. Diversity1509 Words   |  7 PagesCASE 2 - XEROX QUESTION 1 How would Xerox define diversity? How has its definition changed over the years? In business , diversity has seen action in the managing of human resource as essential capital in fostering businesses at a global scale . Diversity is also seen as a concept where differences can be a powerful resource . Based on the Case facts, Xerox value diversity as the most priceless resource to drive the company towards achieving its goals. According to Xerox Chairman amp; former CEORead MoreXerox Co. Diversity1501 Words   |  7 PagesCASE 2 - XEROX QUESTION 1 How would Xerox define diversity? How has its definition changed over the years? In business , diversity has seen action in the managing of human resource as essential capital in fostering businesses at a global scale . Diversity is also seen as a concept where differences can be a powerful resource . Based on the Case facts, Xerox value diversity as the most priceless resource to drive the company towards achieving its goals. According to Xerox Chairman amp; formerRead MoreConfessions of a Shopaholic Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss your ongoing overdraft needs.†- pg.4 | â€Å"Call in sick! There’s a sale at Damp;G, we must go!†- pg.293 | Quote #2 | â€Å"Money, money, money. It’s an obsession† – pg.71 | â€Å"Let’s see what we can sort out.† – pg. 288 | â€Å"Let’s go shopping! That’ll take your mind off of things.† – pg. 152 | Quote #3 | â€Å"Sh*t. It’s the bank. Oh God. They sent me that letter, didn’t they, and I never did anything about it.†- pg.79 | â€Å"No more excuses.† – pg.288 | â€Å"Don’t worry about paying the rent. Worry about yourRead MoreModern Stay At Home Mothers2945 Words   |  12 Pagesand 1970s, more and more women have been working outside the household. In addition, more men have chosen to stay home and be the primary care providers. This has resulted in a shift in the gender expectations that were previously dominant. Nevertheless, even with these changing gender norms, in cases where one parent needs to stay home, it is still women who are stepping up to the plate in order to fulfill the role of â€Å"primary caretaker† regardless of their career goals or current work situationRead MoreThe Dollar and Sense of Preventive Care1586 Words   |  7 Pagesprevention activities that generate significant cost saving to consumers, the e ffects preventive care has on health care providers and how both impact consumer health. The success of preventive care will be deomonstrated by corelating reduction in healthcare costs to preventive care implementation. Based on this correlation of success, a future preventive care plan can be constructed to provide continued cost controls for healthcare and greater overall health for the consumer. Preventive care is not