[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History...

[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use voice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what has shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilization to excel and progress into what is now modern day. Language has allowed the individual to communicate within a group as well as within him in order to accomplish many goals. Language gives us a means by which we can organize our ideas and†¦show more content†¦And semantic indeterminacy is the ether of attitude of language. It fills the interstices of our intentions and pervades accounts of presupposition, tense, fiction, translation, and especially, elusiveness. Language is primar ily formed through the interaction of people. This interaction could be of any nature, but in today’s world when English is undoubtedly the universal language, external factors play a pivotal role in English language’s evolution. Therefore, it would be imperative to look at the influences of these factors on the English language. The English language of today reflects many centuries of development (Naomi 24). The political and social events that have in the course of English history so profoundly affected the English people in their national life have generally had a recognizable effect on their language. The Christianizing of Britain brought England into contact with Latin civilization and made significant additions to our vocabulary. The Scandinavian invasions resulted in a considerable mixture of the two races and their languages. The Norman Conquest made English for two centuries the language mainly of the lower classes, while the nobles and those associated wit h them used French on almost all occasions (Baugh 2). And when English once more regained supremacy as the language of all elements of the population, it greatly changed in both form and vocabulary from what it had been in the 11th century.Show MoreRelatedOn Job Training Report3246 Words   |  13 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background The job training is an obligatory subject for all seventh semester students in English Department, Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. They must fulfill 100 hours or about one month to do job training in the chosen institution or company. The job training program is an activity done by the students to get experiences in subjects in the real work world. 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Drinking Alcohol Essay Example For Students

Drinking Alcohol Essay Alcohol and TeensFrom pastures to unsupervised blowouts at home, the social calendars of most teens are full of alcohol. Other drugs rise and fall in popularity from generation to generation, but alcohol never really goes out of style. From being worshiped by the ancient Babylonians to being forbidden to teenagers, alcohol has caused many problems. Today, drinking is the drug of choice by teens and causes most wrecks and deaths today. To understand alcohol people must first know the history of alcohol, the effects of teen drinking, and the solutions to teen drinking. Alcohol has been all around the world for centuries and has become a custom of people all over. No one knows for sure who discovered alcohol, but we know how different types of alcohol are made. Just as well, no know knows when alcohol was discovered. There are no records of the discovery or discoverers of alcohol. Although historians do know alcohol was used by primitive people and recorded as early as 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic period and by European civilization(Milgram 22). As early as 5000 B.C., the ancient Babylonians brewed, the process of making beer, their beer in religious temples because it was considered a gift from God. Beer is an alcoholic beverage made by fermentation of cereal grains such as, wheat, rye, corn, or barley; beer contains 3 to 6 percent alcohol. Besides the ancient Babylonians, the ancient Egyptians drank beer. The Egyptians called their beer hek, which was made from barley bread. The bread was crumbled into jars, covered with water, and allowed to ferment. The Egyptian pharaohs blessed this beer in the honor of the goddess of nature, Isis. Egyptians handed out free jugs of beer to peasant workers, and by no surprise drunkenness was a common problem in ancient Egypt (Nielsen 13). The strongest alcohol drinks are called liquors or spirits. An Arabian alchemist named Geber discovered liquor in the eighteenth century A.D. Geber made liquor by distillation, burning away the impurities that formed in wine during fermentation and isolated the remaining liquids. As a result, the concentrated liquid had a higher alcoholic content, which was mainly flavored alcohol and water(Milgram 65). Arnaud de Villanueva discovered liquor in Europe 500 years later, when he made brandy. Arnaud claimed that brandy would cure all humanitys diseases, prolong life, maintain youth, and clear away ill humor. In the 1600s gin, akravit, and whiskey were discovered in many other countries. Then in the 1700s, the Americans invented bourbon. Teenagers rarely think before they do many things. Many times teenagers go to big blowouts or little get togethers with their friends. Their first thought is not about death, their grades, or alcoholism; their main purpose is to get drunk fast and sober up before going home by their set curfews. At parties, teenagers have an average of five or more beers in one night. In the United States teenage drinking has become a major problem, with about 3.3 million teens as problem drinkers. One-fourth of all seventh through twelfth graders admit to drinking at least once a week(Nielson 47). About forty percent of twelfth graders said they had one episode of heavy drinking in the past two weeks. Although no one knows why teens turn to drinking, various studies show that the amount of alcohol changes by their geographical location (Nielsen 47). One major problem with teens and alcohol is death. Many teenagers go to parties and drive home thinking that everything is all right, but twenty- one percent of young drivers involved in fatal crashes have been drinking (MADD 1). On a normal weekend, an average of one teenager dies in a car crash every hour, and nearly fifty percent of these crashes were involved with alcohol. Uses of alcohol and other drugs are associated with the leading causes of death and injury among teenagers and young adults (NCADD 1). Not only do car wrecks kill teenagers, so does compulsive drinking. Alcohol, a depressant on the central nervous system, is detectable when someone begins to have slurred speech, slow reaction time, or staggered walking (Milgram 20). The more a person drinks the higher the risk of having an alcohol over dose. Some signs of an overdose are mental confusion, stupor, coma, seizures, bluish skin color, low body temperature, slow or irregular breathing, and vomiting while sleeping(Al cohol Education Program 4). If these symptoms appear, call 911 for an ambulance, but never leave the victim alone. Effectiveness of Signals Intelligence EssayOther countries can also help by raising their drinking age to 21 years of age. Many places in the world a person must be 18 to drink, but in Germany he or she only has to be 16 (Net Biz 1). Canada has made it legal for people 18 and older to drink, but they also have the stiff minimum penalties for driving under the influence. Since that law, drinking offenses have plunged twenty-three percent. Along with Canada, drunken drivers in Finland, Sweden, England, and France receive automatic jail sentences and lose their licenses for at lease a year (Neilson 61). If other countries would raise drinking to age 21, then it would be tough for teenagers to get their alcohol. It is easy for teenagers that live in states bordering Canada or Mexico to bootleg across the border to the United States. By raising the age limits to 21 in Mexico and Canada, it would help cut down on teenage drinking. Everyday teenagers drink, despite the many dangers and ri sks that they are taking every time they drink. Throughout history and probably in the future, alcohol will be the leading drug of choice for teenagers. On the other hand, teenagers in turn are becoming better educated about themselves and the risk of alcohol. Work CitedAlcohol Education Program For Minors. Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 1994. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers. Drinking Driving and Other Drugs. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.madd.org/under21/default.shtml;Milgram, Gail. Coping with Alcohol. New York: The Boston Publishing Group1987. NCADD. Youth, Alcohol, and Other Drugs. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.ncadd.org/facts/youthalc.html;Net Biz Mentor. Underage Drinking. Homepage. 20 June 2001. ;http://www.nbmentor.com/law/Test/underagedrinking/index.html;Nielson, Nancy. Teen Alcoholism. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc., 1990. OBrien, Robert, Morris Chafetz, Sidney Cohen. Understanding Alcohol And Other Drugs. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1999.

QUINTO INFORME SOBRE LA SITUACIN DE LOS DERECHOS Essays

QUINTO INFORME SOBRE LA SITUACIN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN GUATEMALA CAPTULO X LOS DERECHOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDGENAS Introduccin 1. Los derechos humanos de los individuos y pupueblos indgenas de Guatemala, aproximadamente la mitad de la poblacin total, han sido objeto de constante atencin de la Comisin[1]. El pueblo maya, el mayor en nmero de integrantes, comprende las comunidades lingsticas Achi', Akateco, Awakateco, Ch'orti', Chuj, Itza, Ixil, Popti', Q'anjob'al, Kaqchikel, K'iche', Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Pocomchi', Q'eqchi', Sakapulteko, Sipakapense, Tektiteko, Tz'utujil y Uspanteco.[2] La poblacin indgena esta tambin integrada por los pocos sobrevivientes del antiguo pueblo xinca, y por el pueblo garfuna, este ltimo de races indgenas y africanas ubicado en areas cercanas a la costa atlntica de Guatemala. 2. Por su conformacin poblacional Guatemala es un Estado multitnico, multilinge y pluricultural. 3. La poblacin de Guatemala es en su mayora rural. El 65%[3] de los habitantes residen en zonas rurales, y de ellos 52%[4] son indgenas, mayora que es ms pronunciada en los departamentos alejados de la capital. Los indgenas constituyen algo menos de la mitad de la poblacin urbana[5]. 4. Los indgenas en Guatemala histricamente han sido discriminados tnicamente, constituyen gran parte de la poblacin pobre o en extrema pobreza y son mayora en los departamentos con los ms altos ndices de exclusin social. Lo mismo ocurre en asentamientos urbanos marginales. Sin embargo, rurales o urbanos, mantienen en todas las regiones, una actividad y organizacin social intensa y una cultura rica y en continua adaptacin a las exigencias de los cambios histricos, defendiendo y desarrollando su identidad cultural. A. Marco jurdico 5. La legislacin en Guatemala contiene una serie de normas especficas y dispersas, de rango constitucional y legal, sobre los pueblos indgenas. La tendencia legislativa de la ltima dcada en esta materia se ha caracterizado por incorporar en el ordenamiento legal normas de reconocimiento y proteccin en favor de los indgenas, en relacin por ejemplo con la proteccin del nio o la nia indgena, la promocin de la educacin bilinge intercultural, la creacin de instituciones de proteccin y defensa de la mujer indgena, entre otras. 6. La Constitucin Poltica de la Repblica reconoce que el Estado est formado por diversos grupos tnicos y asegura reconocer, respetar y promover sus formas de vida, costumbres y tradiciones. Proteccin a grupos tnicos. Guatemala est formada por diversos grupos tnicos entre los que figuran los grupos indgenas de ascendencia maya. El Estado reconoce, respeta y promueve sus formas de vida, costumbres, tradiciones, formas de organizacin social, el uso del traje indgena en hombre y mujeres, idiomas y dialectos. [6] 7. En 1997 entr en vigencia en Guatemala el Convenio 169, sobre pueblos indgenas y tribales en pases independientes, de la Organizacin Internacional del Trabajo (O.I.T.) que es el instrumento internacional de derechos humanos especfico ms relevante para los derechos de los indgenas, que establece que : Los pueblos indgenas y tribales debern gozar plenamente de los derechos humanos y libertades fundamentales, sin obstculos ni discriminacin. Las disposiciones de este Convenio se aplicarn sin discriminacin a los hombres y mujeres de esos pueblos.[7] B. LOS INDGENAS GUATEMALTECOS Y EL CONFLICTO ARMADO (1962-1996) 8. La cifra total de vctimas de la violencia politica en este perodo ha sido estimada por investigaciones y estudios en ms de doscientas mil, sea personas muertas o desaparecidas forzosamente, consecuencia del conflicto armado en Guatemala ocurrido entre los aos 1962 y 1996.[8] La gran mayora de las vctimas fueron guatemalteco-mayas. 9. Los guatemalteco-mayas representaron el 83% de las vctimas plenamente identificadas por la Comisin para el Esclarecimiento Histrico[9], (CEH) en su trabajo de documentacin de las violaciones de los derechos humanos y hechos de violencia vinculados al enfrentamiento armado. En su labor de documentacin la CEH identific 42.275[10] vctimas hombres, mujeres y nios de las que 23.671 fueron vctimas de ejecuciones arbitrarias y 6.159 vctimas de desaparicin forzada. 10. La poltica contrainsurgente en Guatemala se caracteriz en varios perodos por acciones militares destinadas a la destruccin de grupos y comunidades como tales, as como al desplazamiento geogrfico de comunidades indgenas cuando se las consideraba posibles auxiliares de la guerrilla. En el perodo ms violento del conflicto armado (1978-1983), bajo las presidencias de los generales Romeo Lucas Garca (1978-1982) y Efran Ros Montt (1982-1983) los operativos militares se concentraron en Quich, Huehuetenango, Chimaltenango, Alta y Baja Verapaz, costa sur y ciudad de Guatemala. 11. Las masacres en las aldeas Plan Snchez y Dos Erres ocurridas en 1982 son ejemplos dolorosos de la poltica de exterminio en contra de las comunidades indgenas. El exterminio

Exam Study Computer Concepts Essays

Exam Study Computer Concepts Essays Exam Study Computer Concepts Essay Exam Study Computer Concepts Essay Computer Concepts Exam Study for University of LA VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Hardware, software, and protocols used to make call over the internet. Convergence: Basically combining devices into one device, Ex) mp3 and cameras on cell phones. That’s convergence. File: A named collection of data. Digital: Discrete Data Super Computer: The fastest and expensive computer Analog Data: Continuous data EBSDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code): A method by which computers represent character data. Machine Code: Program instructions written in binary code that the computer can execute directly. Registers: Area in microprocessors where data or instructions are moved so they can be processed. Word Size: The number of bits a CPU can manipulate at one time. Volatile: A term that describes data that can exist only with a power source. Shareware: They have a trial but once its over, they need to pay for it. Open source software: Software that includes the source data so programmers can modify and edit it. Executable file: File containing instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task. Multiuser Operating System: Allows a computer to deal with multiple processing requests. Bootstrap Program: Loads and initializes operating system Incremental Backup: A backup that contains files that changed since the last backup Differential Backup: A copy of all the files that changed since the last full backup HomePNA and HomePLC: HomePNA uses cables and HomePLC uses electricity wires. WIMAX: Fixed wireless internet and range is 30 miles. TCP: Responsible for establishing a data connection between two host and breaking data into packets. Asymmetric internet connection: Downstream differs from upstream. Symmetric Internet connection: both the same

A Definition Of Monopoly Economics Essay

A Definition Of Monopoly Economics Essay Monopoly is an industry that has only one firm that sells a good which has no close substitutes. Monopoly firms also represent industries because there are no other firms in the market. Products that are from monopoly market are electricity, water, cable television, local telephone services and many more. Examples of monopoly firm in Malaysia is Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB’s unique position as a monopoly in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Peninsular Malaysia. TNB is the only firm that provides us electricity to every building in Malaysia. Another monopoly firm in Malaysia that only provide sewerage services is Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd. Indah Water Konsortium is the only firm in Malaysia that mainly responsible for operating and maintaining the public sewage treatment plants and network of underground sewerage pipelines. Characteristics of Monopoly Market One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly market characteristics are they is onl y one producer or seller in the market and there are many buyers. Therefore, the firm had the power to control the whole market whether it is from the angle of determining the price or the quantity of production. A monopolist has the power to determine the level of price because there is no competition from other firms. Therefore, if the monopolist intends to sell a bigger quantity, it has to reduce the price. This means that the monopolist can only control the price or the quantity of sales, and not both at once. No close substitution Furthermore, monopoly firm’s goods have no substitutes, its means consumers have no choice other than what is produced by the monopolist and they can’t find any substitute of the product. For example, Telekom Malaysia is a firms that provide home telephone services which has no close substitutes but if the buyer can find another firms that provide home telephone service therefore the product is no longer in monopoly. Restriction of entry of new firms All the competitors are prevented from entering the market due to strict barriers to the entry of new firm. To restrict the entry of new firms into the industry, there are barriers to entry that are natural or legal restrictions. There are no competition faces by monopolist is because of barriers of entry. Advertising A monopolist doesn’t need to advertise their product or services to increase sales because monopolist had the right to control the market and consumers know where to obtain the products and they have no choice to buy from other producer. Monopoly firms that provide local public utilities such as water, electricity and home phone services doesn’t need to advertise since they are the only firms that provide it and customers had no choice to buy it from another firm. Intro to Question 2 It is traditional to divide industries into categories according to the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry. There are four such categories. First of all is perfect competition is the market where there is a large number of buyers and seller. The goods sold in the market are homogenous where most of the goods are alike and most likely the same. Therefore, sellers can easily enter and exit from the market. Most of the agricultural goods are included in perfect competition market such as vegetables, fruits, rice, coffee beans, wheat, primary commodities, gold, silver and others.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

Marketing - Essay Example The author performed content analysis of the number of websites operated by leading fashion retailers along with three large supermarkets in UK. The author, while selecting the sample, focused only on choosing retail stores along with super store chains however there was no appropriate method was adapted. This article offers an insight through content analysis as to how the online branding is done by the retailers. This study was conducted by observational research methods through content analysis. Observational research methods are particularly suitable in situations where behaviors are observed. By performing cohort analysis, researcher therefore has attempted to offer a deeper insight into the similar traits and characteristics of the group of retailers in UK. However, this study is only limited to content analysis and as such does not offer any other insight obtained through other means of research like obtaining primary data through interviews or through circulating questionnaire to gain the responses of the managers. This research is limited due to the fact that it only takes into UK fashion retailers however, it fails to take into account how these retailers and their branding strategies actually affect their marketability. I.e. study does not provide any indication of how online branding strategies are helping firms to achieve their strategic goals. Observational studies however, often time consuming and selection of the sample can be difficult to obtain. Since such methods are time consuming, therefore changes that take place over the period of time due to changes in the consumer preferences may not be measured appropriately. Since observational research methods often involve certain ethical issues therefore the overall reliability may not be entirely to the complete satisfaction of the researcher. It is also imperative that the researcher may not be able to obtain entirely correct

Annotated Bibliography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper Example Shocking too is that almost half the group had undergone some form of mental or physical abuse. According to Alsbjer (3), the experiences that the AAS users had from school were in most cases negative and were accompanied by LDs (learning difficulties), boredom, as well as concentration problems. The current circumstances of the interviewees included theft, illegal possession of weapons, crimes such as assault and wife battering, and abuse of other drugs. Their stories on the development of drug use varied significantly taking into account social background, onset of drug use, relationship to use as well as experience of the effects of AAS. Initially, all patients had experienced positive AAS effects, but with time the negative consequences overrode them. It was found out that all of them were given to excess gym training and combined this with steroids an indicator that the use of AAS has a close relation to gym training. This source’s only bias is the dwelling mostly on adults and their current endeavors to recover from AAS abuse and addiction. This shortcoming can be countered or covered by arguing from the point of view that those under observation give accounts of having started the abuse of steroids in their adolescence or teens. The source fails to consider the possibility of teens from well off families starting to use steroids as a matter of peer pressure and to enhance their looks albeit citing social difficulties and mental issues as the cause. This possibility is factored in, in most of the other sources. The audience for the material in this source would specifically be AAS users to help them understand the hidden reasons behind AAS use from the interviewees’ accounts of their stories. This source is appropriate for my research by providing some effects of AAS use such as acting as a gateway to abuse of other drugs, as well as connection to criminal activities. This source h as